The right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute. This means that these rights are subject to reasonable restrictions that may be imposed by law in the interest of the general public or the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribe, as per Article 19 (5) of the Constitution. The objective of these restrictions is to maintain law and order, public health, public morals, and the cultural identity and welfare of the tribal communities.
The right of movement and residence are part of the fundamental rights guaranteed by Article 19 (1) (d) and (e) of the Constitution, which entitle every citizen to move freely throughout the territory of India and to reside and settle in any part of it. These rights are essential for ensuring the unity and integrity of the nation, the freedom and dignity of the individual, and the social and economic development of the country.
However, these rights are not absolute or unlimited, as they can be curtailed by law on certain grounds. For example, the state can impose restrictions on the movement and residence of persons who are involved in criminal activities, anti-national activities, or activities that endanger public peace and security. The state can also impose restrictions on the entry of outsiders into tribal areas, to protect the distinctive culture, language, customs, and manners of the Scheduled Tribes, and to safeguard their traditional vocation and properties against exploitation.
Therefore, the right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute. They are subject to reasonable restrictions that may be imposed by law in the interest of the general public or the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribe.