Examination - UPSC CSE Main 2023.
GS Paper 1
Question -
Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore were two prominent figures in the Indian nationalist movement, and they had distinct approaches toward education and nationalism.
1. Approach to Nationalism:
Gandhi Ji: Mahatma Gandhi was a staunch proponent of nonviolent civil disobedience and passive resistance as tools for achieving India's independence from British colonial rule. He believed in mass mobilization, involving people from all sections of society, and emphasized the importance of self-reliance, self-sufficiency, and community-based initiatives as a means to achieve national self-determination. His philosophy of nationalism was deeply rooted in the idea of "Swaraj" or self-rule, which involved decentralization of power and decision-making at the grassroots level.
RabindranathTagore: On the other hand, had a more cosmopolitan and internationalist perspective on nationalism. He believed in the idea of a universal humanism that transcended national boundaries. Tagore was critical of narrow nationalism, which he saw as divisive and potentially harmful. He emphasized the importance of cultural exchange and dialogue between nations, advocating for a more global outlook. His vision of nationalism was more centered on the idea of India's spiritual and cultural contributions to the world.
2. Approach to Education:
Gandhi ji: Gandhi's approach to education was deeply influenced by his belief in the dignity of manual labor and the importance of practical skills. He advocated for a basic education system that focused on the development of moral and ethical values, as well as vocational training that would empower individuals to be self-reliant. He promoted the idea of "Nai Talim" or "Basic Education," which aimed to integrate education with productive work to create well-rounded individuals who could contribute to the betterment of society.
Rabindranath Tagore: He believed in a holistic and liberal approach to education. He founded the famous Vishva Bharati University in Shantiniketan, where he encouraged creativity, individuality, and the pursuit of knowledge in a natural and open environment. His educational philosophy emphasized the harmonious development of the body, mind, and soul. Tagore believed that education should be a joyful and liberating experience, and he was critical of rigid formal education systems.
In summary, while both Gandhi and Tagore were influential figures in India's struggle for independence and had a deep love for their country, they had differing approaches to nationalism and education. Gandhi's nationalism was more grounded in mass mobilization and self-sufficiency, while Tagore's perspective was more cosmopolitan and focused on cultural exchange. Similarly, Gandhi emphasized practical education with a moral foundation, while Tagore advocated for a more liberal and holistic approach to education.